Everyone knows that sunscreen is important to protect our skin from sun damage. But, did you know, that many of the sunscreen products designed to protect us are actually harmful to ocean life? Climate change and pollution are some of the most serious threats to the health of coral reefs…and the chemicals in many popular sunscreens contribute greatly to the pollution load in reefs. How can you tell if your sunscreen is reef safe?
What makes a sunscreen ‘reef safe’?
Unfortunately, there are no specific regulations that limit the labelling of products as ‘reef friendly’ or ‘reef safe.’ You’re going to have to actually check the ingredients.
Physical UV blockers such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are generally considered safe. However, even these compounds can be dangerous if they are too small—so make sure that your product is labeled as ‘micro’ or ‘non-nanotized.’
The most commonly banned chemicals are oxybenzone and octinoxate. Some locations such as Hawaii, the Florida Keys, and islands in the Caribbean prohibit sale of sunscreens containing these compounds. However, other chemicals have been shown to be dangerous for marine life as well including octocrylene, homosalate, and octisalate. Some recommendations also include additional chemicals to avoid such as PABA and parabens.
Sunscreen Alternatives
UV blocking material can offer at least a partial alternative to sunscreen. Many companies manufacture t-shirts, coverups, and even bathing suits out of material that can block UV rays and eliminate or minimize the need for sunscreen in covered areas.
The addition of a sun hat to your beachwear can also decrease your sun exposure and limit the amount of sunscreen necessary for protection.
Tips for Being Reef Friendly
First and foremost, read the label! Check the ingredient list to make sure it does not include chemicals that are dangerous to marine life including (but not limited to) oxybenzone, octinoxate, homosalate, octocrylene, and octisalate. If the product contains products such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, make sure it also lists these products as ‘non-nanotized.’
Next, decrease the amount of sunscreen necessary. Utilize UV fabrics to help decrease the amount of exposed skin that will require sunscreen.
Finally, consider independently verified products such as those tested by Haereticus Environmental Laboratory (HEL). Products that carry their Protect Land + Sea label have been verified not to contain any chemicals deemed dangerous to marine life.
My favorite
Of the reef safe sunscreen I’ve tried, Stream2Sea is my current favorite. I appreciate the company’s wide variety of products (including conveniently TSA compliant sized sunscreens), biodegradable packaging, commitment to environmental responsibility (including HEL’s Protect Land + Sea program), and emphasis on scientific research. They also remind us that all water ends up in the ocean eventually!
For more information:
Consumer Reports article on reef safe sunscreen
HEL Protect Land + Sea program
Save the Reef’s guide to reef safe sunscreen
